Ans. Under-eye dark circles can be caused by various factors:

1. Lack of sleep: Inadequate sleep can lead to poor blood circulation and cause the blood vessels under the eyes to dilate, contributing to dark circles.

2. Genetics: Some individuals have a genetic predisposition to darker pigmentation under the eyes, which can make dark circles more noticeable.

3. Ageing: As we age, the skin loses collagen and fat, making the blood vessels more apparent and leading to dark circles.

4. Lifestyle factors: Factors like stress, excessive sun exposure, smoking, and poor nutrition can exacerbate under-eye dark circles.

Ans. Adequate sleep: Ensure you get enough quality sleep each night to improve blood circulation and reduce dark circles caused by lack of sleep.

1. Cold compress: Apply a cold compress or chilled tea bags to the under-eye area to constrict blood vessels and temporarily reduce dark circles.

2. Eye creams or serums: Use topical products containing ingredients like vitamin C, retinol, or hyaluronic acid, which can help brighten and hydrate the under-eye area.

3. Sun protection: Apply sunscreen and wear sunglasses to protect the delicate skin under the eyes from sun damage, which can contribute to dark circles.

4. Healthy lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, manage stress levels, and avoid smoking to support overall skin health and reduce dark circles.

Ans. Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the deficiencies that can contribute to the development of dark circles. Insufficient iron levels can result in reduced oxygen supply to the tissues, leading to a bluish appearance under the eyes. Other deficiencies that may contribute to dark circles include vitamin K deficiency, which affects blood clotting and can lead to increased visibility of blood vessels, and vitamin C deficiency, which can weaken blood vessel walls.

However, it's important to note that dark circles can have various causes, and nutritional deficiencies are just one potential factor. If you suspect a deficiency, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance.

Ans. The most important thing you need to do is have a good and sound sleep. In addition to that, never forget to use a good multifunctional eye cream that helps in reducing dark circles, fine line and wrinkles and moisturising and hydrating the under eye area.